Which is better? Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4) or ternary lithium battery?

Before discussing the difference between ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery, let's take a look at how to choose ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery in the pure electric vehicle market. According to the data, domestic new energy vehicles are equipped with ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium manganate batteries and lithium titanate batteries, among which ternary lithium batteries account for the largest proportion, reaching 67.37%, followed by lithium iron phosphate batteries.

It can be found from the data that lithium iron phosphate battery has been paid more and more attention. Except for BYD, most of the pure electric vehicles that we have known before are equipped with ternary lithium batteries. In terms of publicity, ternary lithium batteries give consumers the impression that their energy density is high, which can effectively improve the range. So what's the difference between ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery?

In principle, the ternary lithium battery mainly uses lithium nickel cobalt manganate as the positive electrode material and graphite as the negative electrode material. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions travel back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes. During charging, lithium ions are de embedded from the positive electrode and embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte. During discharge, lithium ions are separated from carbon with the lamellar structure and re bound with the compounds of the cathode. In the process of ion embedding and deinterlacing, with the embedding and deinterlacing of equivalent electrons, current is generated. However, lithium iron phosphate battery uses lithium iron phosphate as cathode material, which does not contain precious metal elements.

For users, we don't need to know the product principle in depth, just know the advantages and disadvantages of the product. In this regard, what are the differences between ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery in terms of use? Firstly, the discharge platform and specific capacity of ternary lithium battery are higher than those of lithium iron phosphate battery, so its energy density is also higher than that of lithium iron phosphate battery. The energy density of ternary lithium battery is about 170-200Wh/kg, while that of lithium iron phosphate battery is 130-150 Wh/kg. It can be seen that the ternary lithium battery can store significantly more power in the same volume and mass, so its range performance is better. At the same time, the ternary lithium battery can also maintain a stable discharge performance at low temperatures, with higher performance. It is recommended that friends who use cars in the north pay more attention to the ternary lithium battery models.

On the other hand, lithium iron phosphate battery is superior to ternary lithium battery in energy density, but it is superior to safety. You should know that pure electric vehicles are more prone to spontaneous combustion than fuel vehicles, and battery safety is also a top priority. In this regard, lithium iron phosphate material will not show exothermic phenomenon at 250 ℃, while nickel cobalt aluminum in ternary material will self heat at above 180 ℃. In addition, lithium iron phosphate battery also has advantages in cycle life. According to the data reference, the ternary lithium battery has 3900 cycles with a residual capacity of 66%, and the lithium iron phosphate battery has 5000 cycles with a residual capacity of 84%. The service life of the lithium iron phosphate battery has obvious advantages.